1-Development of High Performance 5G Antennas using integrated metamaterials

Telecommunication technology evolved from time to time to supply the demand of the users. Mobile radio telephone (0G) has been initially introduced (1924) followed by 1G (1970-1980s), 2G (1990-2000), 2.5G (2001-2004), 3G (2004-2005), 3.5G (2006-2010) and 4G (2010 onward). Significant enhancements are achieved especially for its speed, data rates and tasks variation that the systems can support. Currently, 5G (late 2019) has been introduced with promising technology enhancement. In Malaysia, 5G systems have been set to operate at 700 MHz, 3.5 GHz, 26 GHz, and 28 GHz (low band & high band). In this research, 3.5 GHz frequency is selected due to its practicality in term of antenna size and also available measurement setup in UTM lab. The 5G antennas will be designed with the integrated metamaterial structures for performance enhancement in term of gain, efficiency, latency, and bandwidth.